carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm, becomes compressed at the wrist. The median nerve controls sensations to the thumb and fingers (except the little finger) and also controls some small muscles at the base of the thumb.

Anatomy of the Carpal Tunnel:

• Carpal Tunnel: A narrow passageway located on the palm side of the wrist. It is made up of bones and ligaments.
• Median Nerve: Runs through the carpal tunnel and controls sensation in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger.
• Tendons: Nine flexor tendons also pass through the carpal tunnel, which help in finger movement.

Causes:

• Repetitive Hand Movements: Repetitive motions, especially those involving prolonged flexing of the wrist, can contribute to CTS.
• Anatomy: Some people naturally have a smaller carpal tunnel, which can predispose them to CTS.
• Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid gland imbalance can increase the risk.
• Pregnancy: Fluid retention during pregnancy can increase pressure within the carpal tunnel.
• Injuries: Wrist fractures or other injuries can narrow the carpal tunnel and irritate the median nerve.

Symptoms:

• Numbness and Tingling: Often felt in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger.
• Pain: Can extend from the wrist up the arm to the shoulder or down into the palm and fingers.
• Weakness: Difficulty performing tasks that require precise hand movements, such as buttoning a shirt.
• Swelling Sensation: Feeling as though the fingers are swollen, even if they are not visibly so.