craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition in which one or more of the fibrous joints (sutures) between the bones in an infant's skull close prematurely. This early closure affects the normal growth of the skull and can lead to abnormal head shapes and potential complications with brain development.

Types of Craniosynostosis:

• Coronal Synostosis: Closure of the coronal suture, which runs from the top of the head to the ears. Leads to a forehead that appears flattened on one side and a prominent brow on the affected side.
• Sagittal Synostosis: Closure of the sagittal suture, which runs from the front to the back of the head. Results in a long, narrow head shape with a prominent ridge along the top of the skull.
• Metopic Synostosis: Closure of the metopic suture, which runs from the forehead down the middle of the head. Causes a triangular-shaped forehead with a narrow forehead and broad eye sockets.
• Lambdoid Synostosis: Closure of the lambdoid suture, which is located at the back of the skull. Leads to an asymmetrical head shape with flattening on one side of the back of the head.

Symptoms and Signs:

• Abnormal Head Shape: The most visible sign, depending on which suture is affected.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Can cause irritability, vomiting, or developmental delays.
• Developmental Delays: In severe cases, delays in motor or cognitive development may occur if the condition affects brain growth.
• Visual Impairments: In some cases, pressure on the optic nerves may lead to vision problems.

Prognosis:

• Early Intervention: Improves the chances of normal brain development and head shape correction.
• Surgical Outcomes: Most children have significant improvements in head shape and cranial growth after surgery.
• Developmental Outcomes: With timely treatment, many children achieve normal cognitive and motor development, though some may need additional support or therapy.

Craniosynostosis is a condition that requires careful evaluation and timely intervention to correct skull deformities and support normal brain growth. Pediatric neurosurgeons play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating craniosynostosis, with surgical options aimed at reshaping the skull and allowing for optimal development. Early diagnosis, surgical correction, and follow-up care are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for affected children.